Something becomes charged when it is rubbed together with negative and positive electrons. Which most materials have, all you have to do is rub two types of materials together. For example a plastic rod and silk, or your shoes against sided against a carpet or you’re socks.
An Ion is a positively charged atom, because for an atom to become an Ion you have to take away the negative electrons from the atom to create an electron.
The atom is arranges like so, when you have electrons and protons you can create and atom. Electrons and protons for the mot part balance themselves out making the nucleolus of the atom. Making the atom neutral charge meaning it is just right in charge.
When something is polarized it means that it is only picking up the positive electrons in the atom, repelling the negative ones. It also means it can pick up negative electrons better than positive ones. For example when you negatively charge a rubber comb it will pick up bits of paper because it is positively charged and the paper bits are negatively charged.
Insulators are materials that are electrically charged like rubber; glass and plastic. It means that charge can be rubbed of their surfaces and tends to stick to other materials and won’t rub off. Conductors are materials like copper; silver and aluminum were these charged objects can roam free off or on the materials.
When items are electrically attracted it means that the positive material is attracted to the negative charge. So it comes together but when it is negative against negative it is repelled because they won’t come together. Opposites attract and negatives repel, this applies to electrons.
When a balloon is negatively charged it is going to attract to positive pieces or even neutral pieces. When a balloon is negative it can attract to neutral pieces because there might be too much of the positive pieces lingering in the neutral ones. So if a balloon is negatively charged it will pick up the positive pieces because it is attracted to them more than the negative ones. It’s like pulling a rope with a team on each side same amount of people just more positive people than negative ones. So the balloon takes those positive ones and adds them to his team taking down the other side and those pieces hang on to the positive pieces also attracting to the balloon.
An electric field is a field usually around the atoms and electrons. Think about it like this is three people around you are holding on to a positive charge and another three are holding on to a negative charge. And you are the only one holding a negative charge than those atoms around you are going to act on you’re negative charge. You are going to attract to the positive charge, making around all the atoms around you an electronic field.
Electronic potential energy is measured in volts which are joules per colomb. So one volt is equal to one joule per colomb. Potential energy is when work is applied to a charge we call it potential energy and even have a equation to measure it in. Which is potential equal to potential energy divided by the charge.
